不同類別萘的生產(chǎn)方式

　　Production methods of different categories of naphthalene焦油萘

　　Tar naphthalene

　　從煤焦油中分離出來(lái)的萘稱之為焦油萘。在高溫煤焦油中萘約占8-12%。從焦油精餾塔側(cè)線切取出溫度區(qū)間為210-230℃的萘油餾分，經(jīng)過(guò)洗滌脫酚，再精餾分離輕組分，便可得到凝固點(diǎn)為78℃、純度為96%的工業(yè)萘。

　　The naphthalene separated from coal tar is called tar naphthalene. In high-temperature coal tar, naphthalene accounts for about 8-12%. Cut the naphthalene oil fraction with a temperature range of 210-230 ℃ from the side line of the tar distillation tower, wash and remove phenols, and then distill and separate the light components to obtain industrial naphthalene with a solidification point of 78 ℃ and a purity of 96%.

　　工業(yè)萘中含雜質(zhì)硫茚（1-3%）、甲基萘（1-2%）及少量茚、焦油堿和焦油酸，經(jīng)過(guò)進(jìn)一步酸洗和蒸餾，可得到硫含量小于0.1%、凝固點(diǎn)為79℃的精萘。若需要進(jìn)一步精制使硫含量低于0.05%，則需采用加氫精制工藝。

　　Industrial naphthalene contains impurities such as sulfur indene (1-3%), methyl naphthalene (1-2%), as well as small amounts of indene, tar alkali, and tar acid. After further acid washing and distillation, refined naphthalene with sulfur content less than 0.1% and a freezing point of 79 ℃ can be obtained. If further refinement is required to reduce the sulfur content below 0.05%, a hydrogenation refining process is required.

　　用工業(yè)萘小批量生產(chǎn)精萘的流程如下：將硫酸加入熔融的萘中脫水，攪拌后靜置分離廢酸。再加入98%的硫酸，在85-95℃條件下攪拌40分鐘，靜置分離廢酸。在攪拌下加入37%的甲醛溶液在85-95℃條件下攪拌50分鐘，加溫水?dāng)嚢韬箪o置，分層聚合物及磺化物料。用10%氫氧化鈉溶液中和PH到7-8，靜置后除去廢堿。最后蒸餾冷卻可得到精萘產(chǎn)品。

　　The process of producing refined naphthalene in small batches using industrial naphthalene is as follows: sulfuric acid is added to molten naphthalene for dehydration, stirred, and then left to stand to separate the waste acid. Add 98% sulfuric acid again, stir at 85-95 ℃ for 40 minutes, and let it stand to separate the waste acid. Add 37% formaldehyde solution under stirring and stir at 85-95 ℃ for 50 minutes. Stir with warm water and let it stand. Layer the polymer and sulfonated material. Neutralize the pH to 7-8 with a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, and remove the waste alkali after standing still. Finally, distillation and cooling can yield refined naphthalene products.

　　石油萘

　　Petroleum naphthalene

　　石油萘的原料來(lái)自于催化重整、催化裂化和烴類裂解等過(guò)程的重芳烴組分。在催化重整油中，甲基萘的含量約為55%。首先經(jīng)過(guò)萃取和吸附，從原料餾分中分離出萘的各種同系物，然后采用催化臨氫脫烷基的方法，以Cr2O3-Al2O3為催化劑，在400-800℃和0.5-7兆帕下進(jìn)行臨氫脫甲基反應(yīng)，反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物經(jīng)冷卻氣相物質(zhì)后，蒸餾除去輕組分苯、甲苯、二甲苯等，最后進(jìn)一步精餾可得到石油萘產(chǎn)品。產(chǎn)品用溶劑吸收和溶劑洗滌的方法進(jìn)行提純，純度可達(dá)99.73%。

　　The raw material of petroleum naphthalene comes from the heavy aromatic components of catalytic reforming, catalytic cracking, and hydrocarbon cracking processes. In catalytic reforming oil, the content of methyl naphthalene is about 55%. Firstly, various homologues of naphthalene are separated from the raw material fraction through extraction and adsorption. Then, a catalytic hydrogenation dealkylation method is used, with Cr2O3-Al2O3 as the catalyst, to carry out hydrogenation demethylation reaction at 400-800 ℃ and 0.5-7 megapascals. The reaction product is cooled by gas-phase substances, and the light components such as benzene, toluene, and xylene are removed by distillation. Finally, further distillation can obtain petroleum naphthalene products. The product is purified using solvent absorption and solvent washing methods, with a purity of up to 99.73%.

　　據(jù)估計(jì)，以輕柴油為裂解原料的年產(chǎn)30萬(wàn)噸的乙烯裝置，，可副產(chǎn)焦油9萬(wàn)噸，其中萘和萘潛量為4-5萬(wàn)噸It is estimated that an ethylene plant with an annual production of 300000 tons using light diesel as the cracking raw material can produce 90000 tons of tar as a byproduct, of which naphthalene and naphthalene have a potential of 40000 to 50000 tons

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